Ubuntu Server
What Ubuntu Server Is
Ubuntu Server is the server edition of Ubuntu, a Linux distribution developed by Canonical, a company based in London, with a large open-source community. Ubuntu is derived from Debian and shares its package format, so software packaged for Debian generally installs on Ubuntu too. The Debian background is described in the article on Debian.
The server edition omits the graphical desktop that the regular desktop edition includes. Installations are managed over the command line or with remote tools, and the default package set is smaller. Canonical also publishes official cloud images, which are ready-made system templates that providers can launch in seconds.
Release Cadence and LTS Support
Ubuntu publishes a new release every six months, in April and October. Every second year, the April release is designated long-term support (LTS). Interim releases receive support for a shorter period, so most server operators choose LTS editions.
LTS editions receive standard support for five years, and Ubuntu Pro can extend security maintenance further for a wider range of packages. This predictable schedule is one of the main reasons the distribution is popular for hosting. The model is explained in more detail in the article on LTS releases.
Why Ubuntu Is So Common on Hosting Platforms
Ubuntu Server is a frequent default on virtual private servers and cloud platforms. Providers offer images for it because many customers ask for it, and because its documentation, tutorials and community answers are extensive. Someone searching for help with a server problem is likely to find guides written for Ubuntu first.
Software vendors also target it. Many commercial applications and database systems publish installation packages or instructions for Ubuntu, which reduces the effort of getting an application running. The result is a cycle that reinforces itself: more users attract more support material, which in turn attracts more users.
Frequently asked questions
Is Ubuntu Server free?
Ubuntu Server is free to download and use, and it is open source. Canonical also offers an optional paid subscription, Ubuntu Pro, which adds extended security maintenance and support for more packages. Whether you need it depends on how long you need security coverage and whether you require commercial support, not on the operating system itself.
Who maintains Ubuntu Server?
Canonical develops and publishes Ubuntu and provides commercial support, while a large community contributes packages, documentation and testing. Because the project is open source, its code can be inspected, and alternative builds can be made from it. The direct comparison with Debian is covered in Ubuntu vs Debian.